Transfer case

The unit behind the transmission that splits drive between the front and rear axles.

Also called: t-case · transfer box

What it means

Definition

The transfer case sits behind the transmission on a four-wheel-drive vehicle and sends power to both axles rather than one. Simple ones are selected by the driver through a lever or dial. Electronically controlled ones can change modes while moving — BorgWarner describes using an electromagnetic-based system to synchronize the front and rear axle speeds before locking them together, switching between two-wheel and all-wheel drive while moving at highway speeds.

Why a buyer cares

What it changes

It has its own fluid and its own failure modes, separate from the transmission. Whether four-wheel drive actually engages and disengages is something a test drive can establish.

In practice

Where you meet it

As the 2H/4H/4L selector inside, and as a separate case with its own drain and fill plugs underneath.

Two things that look alike

Not the same as

A differential splits power between two wheels on one axle; the transfer case splits it between axles.

Where this comes from

Sources

BorgWarnerTransmission Technologies
Using an electromagnetic-based system to synchronize the front and rear axle speeds before locking them together, BorgWarner's advanced transfer case switches between two-wheel and all-wheel drive while moving ("shifting on the fly") at highway speeds.
Checked 2026-08-12

A Chevrolet AutoTrac page was dropped in review — the sentence a research agent quoted is not on it.