AWD distributes varying amounts of torque to each of a vehicle's axles, while 4WD sends a consistent, fixed degree of power to each axle.Checked 2026-08-12
All-wheel drive vs four-wheel drive
Both drive four wheels; they differ in how torque is split and whether the driver engages it.
Also called: AWD · 4WD · 4x4 · part-time 4WD · full-time 4WD
What it means
Definition
Subaru puts the distinction as AWD distributing varying amounts of torque to each of a vehicle's axles, while 4WD sends a consistent, fixed degree of power to each axle. Four-wheel drive further divides into part-time and full-time: Jeep states that part-time 4WD operates by default as a two-wheel drive vehicle, until the driver engages it. Full-time systems stay engaged, including on pavement.
Why a buyer cares
What it changes
A listing that says 4WD does not say which kind, and part-time systems are not designed to be left engaged on dry pavement. The vehicle's own manual is what settles how it is meant to be driven.
In practice
Where you meet it
In the drivetrain field of a listing, on the window sticker, and on a 2H/4H/4L selector inside the car.
Two things that look alike
Not the same as
AWD and full-time 4WD feel alike to a driver, but manufacturers describe them as different systems.
Read next
Related terms
Where this comes from
Sources
Part-time 4WD operates by default as a two-wheel drive vehicle.Checked 2026-08-12
Two manufacturers' own framings. Terminology is not standardised across the industry, and operating limits vary per vehicle.