Frame damage

Damage to the load-bearing structure of a vehicle rather than to bolt-on panels.

Also called: structural damage · bent frame

What it means

Definition

Frame damage means damage to the structure that carries the load — separate frame rails on a body-on-frame vehicle, or the welded body shell on a unibody vehicle — as opposed to fenders, bumpers and doors, which bolt on. Honda describes unibody construction as using a single structure rather than separate body and frame components bolted together. State safety inspections that cover the frame look for defined conditions: Virginia's code fails a vehicle when any area of the frame or its components is broken, cracked, sagging, or bent.

Why a buyer cares

What it changes

Structure is what manages crash forces and holds the suspension geometry, so inspection codes treat it separately from cosmetic body damage.

In practice

Where you meet it

On a state inspection report, in the damage section of a vehicle history report, and from a mechanic working under the car.

Two things that look alike

Not the same as

A dented fender or bumper cover is a bolt-on panel, not structure.

Where this comes from

Sources

Inspection criteria are state-set; only Virginia's wording was checked. The Honda quote describes Honda's own construction, not unibody design generally.